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Borno State : Hausa Jihar Borno () is the only state in Nigeria that shares borders with three other countries. It is located in the North-East geopolitical zone and is bordered by Yobe to the west, Gombe to the southwest, and Adamawa to the south. Jihar Borno also shares a portion of its eastern border with Cameroon, a portion of its northern border with Niger, and a portion of its northeastern border with Chad. Borno State’s capital city, Maiduguri, was once the seat of the historic emirate of Borno, from whence the state derives its name. When the previous North-Eastern State was divided up, the state was created in 1976. It formerly comprised the region that is currently known as Yobe State, a separate state since 1991.
Only Niger State has a larger surface area than Borno, which is one of the 36 states. Despite its size, the state ranks eleventh in terms of population, with an estimated 5.86 million residents as of 2016. Geographically speaking, the state is divided into the semi-desert Sahelian savanna in the north, the West Sudanian savanna in the center and south, and a portion of the montane Mandara Plateau in the southeast. The Nigerian section of Lake Chad and the Lake Chad flooded savanna ecoregion are located in the extreme northeast of the state; the Yobe River, which defines the state’s boundary with Niger until it reaches the lakebed, feeds the lake. A portion of the Chad Basin National Park, a sizable national park, is located in the state’s center. This area is home to black crowned crane, spotted hyena, patas monkey, and roan antelope populations as well as sporadic herds of some of Nigeria’s last remaining African bush elephants. However, a portion of the park, the Sambisa Forest, was taken over by Boko Haram during their insurgency in the early 2010s, causing a lot of the animal life to escape. It wasn’t until 2019 and 2020 when a huge herd of migrating elephants returned to Borno that big animals were once again spotted there.
Borno State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the Dghwede, Glavda, Guduf, Laamang, Mafa, and Mandara in the central region; the Afade, Yedina (Buduma), and Kanembu in the extreme northeast; the Waja in the extreme south; and the Kyibaku, Kamwe, Kilba, and Margi groups in the south while the Kanuri and Shuwa Arabs live throughout the state’s north and centre. Approximately 85% of the state’s population is Muslim, with smaller minorities of Christians and traditionalists (particularly in the south) at around 7% apiece.
From the 700s, what is now Borno State was a part of the Kanem Empire, which possessed lands that extended from what is now southern Libya (Fezzan) south through the majority of modern-day Chad into what is now Borno State. After losing conflicts in the late 1300s, the Kanem Empire was forced to relocate, becoming the Bornu Empire, before regaining its strength and dominating the larger region for the following 500 years. Bornu didn’t start to crumble until the early 1800s, when the Fulani jihad substantially undermined the Empire. During the conflicts, the Sokoto Caliphate captured much of what is now southern Borno State and added it to the Adamawa Emirate. A Sudanese warlord named Rabih az-Zubayr took control of the Empire some 80 years later and governed it until French troops assassinated him in the Battle of Kousséri in 1900. Colonial powers also overthrew the Adamawa Emirate, handing the Adamawa Wars to Germany and the British Empire. Then, colonial powers divided up Rabih’s holdings (later reconstituted as the Borno Emirate) and the Adamawa Emirate, with the present-day Borno State being partitioned between Germany and the British Empire.
The portion of Nigeria under British administration was added to the Northern Nigeria Protectorate, which ultimately combined with British Nigeria before becoming Nigeria in 1960. Before allied forces invaded and seized Kamerun during the Kamerun campaign of World War I, the German-controlled area (territorial area along the present-day border with Cameroon) formed Deutsch-Bornu as a portion of German Kamerun. After the war, the area that is now the eastern edge of Borno State was a part of the British Cameroons’ Northern Cameroons until 1961, when a referendum resulted in the region’s unification with Nigeria. Until 1967, when the Northern Region was divided and the area became a part of the North-Eastern State, the present-day Borno State was originally a part of the post-independence Northern Region. Borno State and eleven other states were created on February 3rd, 1976, following the division of the North-Eastern State. A collection of LGAs in the state’s western region were split off fifteen years after statehood to create the new Yobe State. Later, in the early 2000s, the state became the focal point of the Islamist organization Boko Haram once it started its uprising in 2009. The insurgency grew significantly between 2012 and 2015, with a large portion of the state coming under the group’s control. By 2015, the group had become the deadliest terrorist organization in the world, driving millions of people from their homes.[9] The group was driven from its strongholds into the Sambisa Forest and some islands in Lake Chad by 2017 after a massive international offensive in 2015 and internal strife between the original Boko Haram group and the Islamic State – West Africa Province breakaway. Terrorists, however, continue to pose a threat throughout the state with frequent attacks on both civilian and military targets.
Prior to the Boko Haram conflict, Borno State’s rural economy, which is based in part on agriculture, was primarily dependent on cattle and crops. Maiduguri, the state capital, is a significant regional trade and service hub. However, Borno has the thirteenth lowest Human Development Index in the nation following years of the insurgency hindering development and driving farmers out of rural areas in the state. However, since the violence has somewhat subsided since 2016, development has resumed.
List Of Towns and Villages In Borno State: Arege Banowa Fuguwa Jabullam Kudokurgu Mallamfatori Kessa Malam Kaunari Yau Yawa Kura Yituwa Askira East Chul / Rumirgo Dille / Huyum Husara / Tampul Kopa / Multhafu Lassa Mussa Ngohi Ngulde Uda / Uvu Wamdeo / Giwi Zadawa / Hausari Andara / Ajiri /Wulba Buduwa / Bula …
